Diabetes symptoms are a set of clinical manifestations specific to a given disease, which indicates doctors and patients to occur or progression of the pathological process.
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the most common diseases in the world, today 350 million people around the world have suffered. According to statistics, in just two decades, the number of cases has increased more than 10 times. About 90% of these people - second type diabetes.
If you identify the pathology in the early stages, you can avoid a large number of serious complications. This is why it is so important to know what the beginning of the disease indicates and how a person needs to be examined to control this severe endocrine pathology.
Diabetes manifestations do not depend on your type. The human body is able to understand when a sufficient level of energy for the necessary glucose in this case, in the results of a violation of its metabolism, and remains abundant in the bloodstream, causing tremendous irreversible damage to systems and organs. Metabolic processes disturbed in the body are provided by lack of insulin, responsible for the process of glucose metabolism. But the characteristics of diabetes pathogens of the first and second types have significant differences; Therefore, it is necessary to know exactly the symptoms of each of them.
The main symptoms
Lack of insulin in the blood or a decrease in the sensitivity of insulin -dependent cells to the action of insulin in the body leads to a high concentration of blood glucose. In addition to this symptom, considered the main diabetes, there are other signs detected during the patient's medical observation. If the slightest suspicion of this disease occurs, it is worth seeking medical help, since early detected disease is subject to treatment and, in the modern world, even school children begin to suffer from diabetes.
The first manifestations
Like the first manifestations of diabetes, doctors call various specific symptoms. In diabetes, patients always have rapid and abundant polyuria due to glucose and glucose level in the urine. It is glucosuria which is the cause that prevents the absorption of fluid by renal structures. Polyuria is always accompanied by a headquarters in which a person is able to consume up to 10 liters of liquid per day.
Despite the consumption of so many fluids, there is constantly a dry mouth sensation. In the case of diabetes of the second type, along with the thirst, a feeling of constant hunger appears. This is due to the fact that insulin produced by the pancreas in large amounts circulates in the blood and is not used by its purpose, gives signs to the brain over the feeling of hunger.
A high level of blood glucose causes serious damage to the body. Damage to nerve fibers lead to diabetic polyneuropathy. The first sign of such a complication is the numbness of the toes and hands and the occurrence of severe pain in the limbs. If you start acting with blood glucose level in a timely manner, the development of this process may be interrupted and pain syndrome, if you do not stop, will be disturbing not so pronounced. However, if you lose the beginning of pathology progression, you can expect very severe consequences - intense pain, innervation, trophic ulcers and other things.
With damage to high eye blood glucose, diabetic angiopathy develops. Clinically, at first, the disease manifests itself by a feeling of cloud bite with a high concentration of blood glucose, so a decrease in visual acuity and even complete blindness in the absence of therapy is followed. The occurrence of any of the above symptoms, and even more complex, should force the patient to be urgently examined to detect insulin insufficiency.
External manifestations
Among the external signs, there are also those that indicate the occurrence of insulin resistance and high blood glucose. For example, this symptom can be a clear dry skin development, itching and peeling. It is especially important to pay attention to these skin manifestations in the scenario of concomitant headquarters. In addition, with diabetes, itching occurs very often in mucous genital membranes due to the annoying effect of glucose contained in the urine. There is no discharge at the same time, which is a distinct feature of diabetes.
In addition, clear weight loss is a sign of the early diabetes of the first type. In this case, it is necessary to observe for some other symptoms of pathology so as not to draw hasty conclusions. Obesity and excessive body weight are not a symptom of second type diabetes, but can act as their cause. Anyway, if a person's weight is moving rapidly in any direction for any apparent reason, it is worth paying attention to this and undergoing an examination of a doctor.
Diabetes symptoms
The first type
The first type of diabetes is very fast in its development. He has his own specific manifestations that must be paid.
The patient has an appetite increased in his history, but he loses weight, exhausted, suffers from drowsiness. Frequent desires do not allow the bathroom at night to sleep calmly, forcing them to get up several times. The amount of urine in this case increases significantly as the sensation of thirst advances.
Such symptoms cannot go unnoticed as it occurs very markedly and suddenly. It is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and severe irritability. It is especially important to pay attention to the constant desire to the bathroom at night in children, if this was not previously observed.
The main problem of diabetes of the first type is the fact that the glucose level can also increase in the blood and decrease very markedly. Both states are dangerous to health and have their own characteristics and manifestations, which must be carefully monitored.
The second type
The most common is the second type of diabetes. Their manifestations are very diverse, they appear gradually, so it is difficult to capture them and recognize them immediately. Light symptoms usually do not lead to the fact that a person, having discovered at home, begins to sound immediately the alarm.
The second type of diabetes is characterized by the occurrence of dry mouth, thirst, abundant urination, weight loss, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. One feature of this variety of the disease in the early stages is the presence of tingling in the fingers and dormancy of the limbs, hypertonic manifestations, the occurrence of infectious processes in the urinary system. Similarly, the patient's first type of diabetes can be disturbed by nausea and vomiting, dryness and itching skin and skin infections.
It is important to remember that the gradual development of symptoms leads to the development of the disease itself. Diabetes in the posterior stages is full of occurrence that a commune hyperosmolar, lactoacidosis, ketacicosis, hypoglycemia, which gain impulse in a few hours and may even lead to the patient's death. In addition, as a result of advanced diabetes, patients usually have serious vision problems, later leading complete blindness, renal or cardiac failure, vascular and nervous systems pathology.
During pregnancy
Diabetes gestational sugar rarely manifests itself by some specific external signs. Most of the time, your presence is found with planned exams that are performed regularly for pregnant women. The main indicators are data on blood and urine tests.
In the presence of external signs of the gestational type of disease, all are very similar to the symptoms of diabetes of the first two types - nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, infection in the genitourinary system are not signs separately of toxicosis and other pathologies, but indicate in the second and third trimester of pregnancy on the occurrence of diabercative manage.
The gestational form of direct threat pathology to the life of a mother or child does not carry, but can affect the general course of pregnancy, the future mother and the fetus.
The high blood content in glucose leads to the birth of a high weight baby (over 4 kg), which in the future will be a prerequisite for its obesity or incidence of diabetes at any age. A delay in the development of the child, hypoglycemia, jaundice in the first pores of the life of the newborn can also manifest.
Signs of Complications
Diabetic foot
Diabetic foot in medicine is understood as a comprehensive anatomical and functional change in the tissues of the distal parts of the lower extremities in patients with diabetes. This is the most formidable complication of the pathology into consideration, usually leading to gangrene, limb amputation and disability.
If there is a history of diabetes in leg health, you need to be very carefully monitored. There are three main forms of diabetic foot: neuropathic (predominant damage of the nerves), ischemic (predominant lesion of blood vessels and blood flow disorder), mixed.
Among the complaints of patients who precede the diabetic foot, experts distinguish unpleasant feelings, burning sensations and legs in the legs, goose bumps, a sense of current discharge. If these symptoms disappear when walking, this indicates the beginning of the development of the neuropathic form of the diabetic foot. It is also important to pay attention if sensitivity disappears periodically. If painful sensations arise directly at walking or at night (you can reassure only the edges of the edge of the bed), it means the beginning of the development of the ischemic form of the diabetic foot called "ischemic foot. "
Among the Signs Indicating the Start of the Development of the Diabetic Foot, Experts Distinguish the Skin of the Legs Or the Occur's Pigment Spots, Peeling and Dry Skin In This Zone, The Occure of Multi -Caliber Bubbles on the Skin with Transparent Liquid, Offon OccuringCornchles, Cracks Beteen The Fingers, Deformation of the Nail Plates on the Legs, Thickening of the Skin Kernels, Spontaneous Small Bone Fractures on the legs. If a person realizes at least some of these signs, he should urgently seek medical help.
Retinopathy signs
Diabetic ophthalmology manifests itself by a change in blood vessels in the retina, leading to a violation of microcirculation in it. This violation leads to the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy. This complication develops gradually and, even in later stages, can be almost invisible to a person.
The main signs of diabetic retinopathy are:
- The emergence of "flies" before the eyes;
- cloudy vision;
- decreased visual acuity in posterior stages;
- Bleeding in the vitreous and retina body.
In this case, diabetic ophthalmology can manifest itself in two main forms - non -sphere (background) or retinal retinal retinal. With background retinopathy, pathology concerns, first of all, the retina itself. In case of violations in the retinal vessels, bleeding, retinal swelling and deposition of metabolic products. Background retinopathy is characteristic of elderly patients with diabetes. Causes a gradual decrease in visual acuity.
Based on the background, proliferative retinopathy is developing if osigal support deficiency increases. In this case, there is a pathological formation of new blood vessels springing from the retina in a vitreous body. This process leads to bleeding in a vitreous body and a clear progression of vision vision in a person and irreversible blindness. In adolescence, this complication transition from one way to another may occur in a few months, retinal detachment and complete vision loss will follow.
Encephalopathy signs
Diabetic encephalopathy occurs as a complication of diabetes due to brain -diffuse degenerative damage. The prevalence of encephalopathy depends directly on the type of diabetes and its symptoms - in the duration of the disease course and its severity. It belongs to late complications and manifests it from 10 to 15 years after the demonstration of diabetes.
The immediate cause of the development of encephalopathy is typical metabolic disorders of diabetes, leading to damage to brain tissues and blood vessels. The above processes lead to a violation of brain activity, a decrease in cognitive functions. The development of encephalopathy occurs very slowly, which leads to the difficulty of detecting its symptoms in the early stages.
The main symptoms of diabetic encephalopathy are:
- headaches and dizziness;
- Emotional instability, high fatigue, sleep disorders and other neurasthenic disorders;
- Human march instability;
- The bifurcation of objects when looking at them, the nebula of vision, the tremor of the "flies" before the eyes;
- Mental and depressive disorders;
- confused consciousness;
- Deterioration of mental activity, memory, ability to concentrate;
- strokes, transient ischemic attacks, other pathologies of brain circulation;
- The occurrence of seizures.
In the early stages, there are virtually no complications of the clinic and, with the development of encephalopathy, symptoms begin to seem more clearly. Symptoms are identical to both types of diabetes.
Frequent diabetes satellite are atherosclerosis, hypertension and obesity. In connection with the pride of blood vessels in case of atherosclerosis, the risk of ischemic spills and heart attacks increases. In case of violation of microcirculation in the renal vessels, there is an irreversible renal failure, which eventually leads to a complete cessation of the function of the kidneys. This, in turn, leads to the need for renal failure replacement therapy through the lifelong dialysis method.
Diabetic
Diabetic cat means severe impairment of metabolic processes in the body of a patient who suffers from diabetes. A coma can occur with a strong increase and a strong decrease in human blood sugar.
This condition requires urgent medical assistance, because in its absence, serious complications and even deaths are possible.
A coma develops in steps, but quickly. The first sign of confluence in who can be a state of fiction, the rapid growth of blood sugar, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, abdomen pain a day or more before immediate coma. Another symptom of diabetic coma may be the pungent smell of acetone from the patient's mouth. Sensitivity can also occur in seizures, thirst, thirst.
With a hypoglycemic coma, the concentration of blood sugar decreases markedly. The indicator can reach the mark of 2, 5 mmol per liter and below. Among the obvious symptoms of such a coma, irrational anxiety, patient fear, a sense of weakness, cramps, blood pressure falls and loss of consciousness stand out. The precursors of the occurrence of a hypoglycemic coma can be:
- Evil -Go -overall;
- Lack of appetite;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- Dizziness, headaches, tachycardia.
The lack of assistance in this state can lead to extremely serious consequences. As hypoglycemic coma develops rapidly, the assistance provided should be urgent.
A marked decrease in blood pressure in the patient, weakening the pulse and the softness of eyeballs may indicate a marked decrease in blood pressure. Only a qualified doctor can bring a person to their senses in this state, so that the ambulance call follows as soon as possible.
Laboratory signs
You can safely discover the patient's diagnosis only after all the necessary laboratory tests. Any laboratory tests for diabetes aim to determine blood glucose indicators.
It is possible to accidentally identify blood sugar with mass tests of a person before hospitalization or with an emergency determination of other indicators.
The most common is a blood test for sugar, with an empty stomach. Before your delivery, nothing can be consumed for 8 to 12 hours. Also, you cannot drink alcohol and cannot smoke an hour before blood donation. The level of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter will be considered a normal indicator. If the indicator is 7 mmol per liter, the patient will be sent to an additional exam. For this purpose, they are tested for glucose tolerance. For this, the patient donates blood with an empty stomach and then drinks a glass of sugar water (75 grams for an adult for 200 milliliters of water) and 2 hours after he recurs a blood test.
If the body is in normal state, the first analysis will show the result of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter and the second - up to 7, 8 mmol per liter. If the indicators are in the range, respectively, 5. 5-6, 7 and 7, 8-11, 1 mmol per liter, this will inform doctors about the development of pre-antiabet in the patient. Indicators that exceed these numbers indicate diabetes.
It is also usual to conduct a study on glycated hemoglobin, demonstrating the average value of human glucose in the last 3 months of life. The standard is the indicator below 5, 7%. If the value is between 5, 7-6, 4%, this suggests that there is a risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this case, measures should be discussed with the doctor to reduce this risk. If the level of glycated hemoglobin exceeds 6, 5%, the diagnosis of diabetes is likely, but it requires confirmation. The recommended level of glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes is less than 7%, if this level is higher, it is necessary to discuss the situation with your assistant doctor. It should be borne in mind that the level of glycated hemoglobin above 7% can be estimated by the doctor as ideal.
Symptoms of a child
Diabetes may manifest at any age, including the first children. Until the diabetes of newborns are found. This is a rare case of an innate nature of the disease. Most of the time, manifestation in children is responsible for 6 to 12 years. Metabolic processes in children during this period proceed much faster, and the condition of the unnatural nervous system can affect blood glucose level. The younger the baby, the more complicated the diabetes.
Among the main symptoms that parents need to pay attention to not miss the development of diabetes in children, doctors distinguish:
- thirst and dry mouth;
- nausea with vomiting;
- frequent urination with the urine mesh;
- weight loss and high appetite at the same time;
- a drop in visual acuity;
- High fatigue, weakness and irritability.
If a child has at least one of the above symptoms, this is a reason to seek medical attention. If various symptoms are detected at the same time, a doctor should be immediate.
Also among symptoms in children, typical and atypical signs of diabetes may occur. Doctors attribute typical symptoms that children of children often confuse with age -related urinary incontinence, polydipsia, polymphic, dryness and itching skin, itching the genital organs after urination, the amount of blood sugar is greater than 5, 5 per liter when a blood test is tested. The timely diagnosis in case of suspicion will help identify the disease at an early stage and initiate the necessary therapy, which will not allow complications to develop.
Determination of diabetes mellitus at home
The course of diabetes can be absolutely asymptomatic. It can be randomly identified when visiting an optometrist or any other doctor. However, there are many signs by which the presence of pathology can be guessed independently. Also, at home, you can very accurately establish the type of disease.
With a healthy body, after eating in the blood, sugar levels increase. After 2-3 hours after that, this indicator must return to its original limits. If this does not happen, a person has several symptoms that cannot be noticed. This is already considered dry mouth, thirst, very frequent and abundant urination, increased appetite, apathy, cramps, nebulae of consciousness. Gradually, a person begins to notice the dryness of the skin, which previously did not manifest.
Also at home, you can suspect the occurrence of diabetes in several strange sensations that a person did not observe before. In the second type of diabetes, this is a low healing of wounds and scratches, the development of obesity. In the first type of pathology, a person, on the contrary, can lose a lot of weight, although the appetite is quite high. In addition, with all types of diseases, it can occur itching on the skin, increased hair growth on the face, the formation of xanth (small yellow grows on the skin), limb hair loss and others.
Oportible identification of diabetes signs should cause a doctor.
Only if you start therapy for diabetes in the early stages, can we expect compensation for the disease and the normal quality of life in the future.